Looking to add some structure and style to your garden and stop soil erosion at the same time? Building a retaining wall with railroad ties might be just the project for you – hear us out.
Retaining walls are designed to hold back soil or water, stop erosion, and create level areas in sloped landscapes, and railroad ties are becoming a popular choice among Aussie homeowners because they’re durable, affordable, and look the part.
Planning and Preparation for Your Retaining Wall Blocks
Before you start stacking ties, there’s some prep work to do. Here’s what you need to consider:
- Check local regulations: Contact your local council to ensure compliance with building codes. In Australia, retaining walls over one metre high usually require council approval. You need to know these regulations to avoid headaches later on.
- Choose your spot: Select a place to manage water runoff and soil retention. Consider the natural slope of your land and any existing structures. The ideal spot should balance function with form and enhance your landscape design.
- Measure and calculate: Work out the length and height of your wall to calculate how many railroad ties you’ll need. Don’t forget to account for any curves or corners in your design. It’s always better to overestimate than to run out of materials mid-project.
- Consider the wall height and use of corner posts: If the wall height exceeds 400mm, is close to a boundary, or will carry a heavy load, seek professional advice. Using corner posts will help create perfect 90-degree corners, which is crucial for structural integrity. If your wall height exceeds 1 metre or is situated alongside heavy loads, it is essential to consult a structural engineer to ensure the safety and stability of your structure.
- Gather your tools: You’ll need a shovel, level, measuring tape, circular saw, drill and safety gear like gloves and goggles. Having all your tools ready before you start will make the process smoother and faster.
Here’s a list of materials you’ll need for a 3-metre-long, 1-metre-high wall:
Material | Quantity |
Railroad ties | 15-20 |
Gravel | 0.5 cubic metres |
Rebar | 10-15 pieces |
Landscape fabric | One roll |
Spikes or brackets | 30-40 |
Step-by-Step Guide to Install Railroad Tie Retaining Walls:
Now you’re ready to get started! Whether you’re a professional or a DIYer, these are the general steps you’ll need to follow to get your retainer wall up:
1. Prepare the site
First dig the area where your wall will sit. Dig a trench 15 cm deep and 60 cm wide. Make sure the bottom is level and compact the soil. This is the most important step for a solid foundation for your wall.
Next, add a 10 cm layer of gravel or crushed rock to the trench for drainage. Compact this layer as well. Good drainage is key to preventing water buildup behind the wall, which can cause structural issues over time.
2. Lay the first course
Place your first row of railroad ties in the trench. Use a level to make sure they’re level. If needed, add or remove gravel underneath to create a level surface. This first row is the foundation of the whole wall, so take your time getting it right.
Ensure this course is ideally level to bear all the pressure from the wall above. Once you’re confident it is, anchor the ties to the ground with rebar. Drill holes through the ties and hammer the rebar into the soil below. This anchoring will add extra stability to your wall.
Stack subsequent courses
Stagger the joints between the ties for extra stability for the following rows. This means the middle of each tie should sit over the joint of the two ties below it. This interlocking pattern will make the wall much more robust.
Secure each new course to the one below with large landscaping spikes or brackets – pre-drill holes to prevent the wood from splitting.
Finally, construction adhesive is used to secure the ties for added stability. This will make your wall act as one solid unit, not individual stacked pieces.
3. Install deadmen anchors
For walls over 1 metre high, you’ll need to use deadmen anchors for extra support. These are long ties placed perpendicular to the wall, extending into the soil behind it. They provide lateral support to prevent the wall from leaning or toppling over time.
Install a deadman anchor every 1.2 metres along the length of the wall and at every third course in height. Secure them to the wall with spikes or brackets. In specific situations, consider using tiered walls instead of a single tall wall for better stability.
4. Backfill and compact
As you build up your wall, backfill behind it with gravel and soil. Add about 15 cm at a time, compacting each layer before adding the next. This will prevent settling and ensure proper drainage.
The backfill is not just filler; it’s part of the wall system that helps distribute pressure and drainage. Note that most walls use an aggregate backfill for better stability and drainage.
5. Add the finishing touches
When you reach your desired height, cap off your wall if you like. You can use flat stones or even more railroad ties cut lengthwise for this. The cap will improve the look of the wall and protect the top layer of ties from water damage. Consider the suitability of different retaining wall blocks for building a straight wall.
Lastly, add some plants along the top or in front of your wall to soften the look and blend in with your surroundings. Choose plants with shallow root systems not to compromise the wall.
Maintaining Your Retaining Walls
To keep your retaining wall looking its best:
- Inspect it regularly for movement or damage. Look for bulges, leaning or separation between ties.
- Replace any ties that show signs of rot or severe weathering. Catch and fix issues early to prevent more damage.
- Proper drainage is maintained to prevent water from building up behind the wall. Clear any blocked drainage paths and add more drainage if you notice water pooling.
According to the Timber Preservers Association of Australia, adequately treated railroad ties can last up to 30 years in ground contact applications. But with regular maintenance and care, you can extend that life. To maintain your retaining wall project, consider hiring licensed and insured contractors to ensure quality work and maximum value.
Environmental Considerations
When using railroad ties, you need think carefully about the environmental impact. Many older ties were treated with creosote, a wood preservative that can harm plants and soil. If environmental concerns are a priority for you, choose newer, eco-friendly treated ties or consider alternative materials.
Additionally, railroad ties can be used to build a raised garden bed, an excellent solution for beautifying your garden border and creating a raised vegetable garden.
Safety First
Remember, building a retaining wall is physical work. Always use proper lifting techniques to avoid injury, and don’t be afraid to ask for help with heavy lifting. Wear protective gear, safety glasses when cutting ties and gloves to protect your hands from splinters.
Key Takeaways
- Check local regulations before you start
- Site preparation is key to a stable wall
- Each course must be level and secure
- Use deadmen anchors for walls over 1 metre high
- Regular maintenance will extend the life of your wall
Building a retaining wall with railroad ties is a fun project that will transform your outdoor space. With some planning and execution, your garden will have a solid and attractive feature.
Remember, if you’re unsure about anything in the project, don’t hesitate to consult a professional. Your local landscaper or builder can give you good advice and make sure your retaining wall is safe and long-lasting.
FAQs
How long do railroad tie retaining walls last in the ground?
15 to 30 years with proper construction and maintenance. Soil conditions, drainage, and the ties’ quality will determine their lifespan.
Are railroad ties safe for my garden?
Older railroad ties were treated with creosote, which can harm plants and soil. If you’re concerned about the environment, look for newer ties treated with eco-friendly preservatives or consider other materials.
How high can I build my railroad tie wall?
It’s best to keep the wall height to 1 metre or less for DIY projects. Walls higher than this will require professional engineering and may need council approval.
Do I need a permit to build a retaining wall?
In most of Australia, retaining walls over 1 metre high require council approval. Always check with your local council before you start building a retaining wall.
How do I drain my retaining wall?
Drainage is key. Include a layer of gravel behind the wall, use landscape fabric to stop soil from clogging the gravel and consider a perforated drainage pipe at the base of the wall.
Can I build a curved railroad tie wall?
Yes, you can build curved walls with railroad ties, but it requires more planning and potentially some cutting. For gentle curves, you can just angle the ties. You may need to cut the ties or use shorter sections for tighter curves.
How often should I inspect my retaining wall?
Inspect your wall at least twice a year, in spring and autumn, after heavy rain or extreme weather.
What are the signs my retaining wall needs repair?
Look for bulging or leaning, cracks in the wall, separation between ties, rotting wood or soil washing out from behind the wall. If you see any of these issues, fix them before they worsen.
Just remember: DIY is fun, but if in doubt, always consult a professional landscaper, like the team at Trinity Landscape & Sports. Safety and structural integrity come first.
You might also like: How to Build a Small Retaining Wall
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